Hearing protection: types, benefits and how to choose the right PPE

Choosing the right hearing protection isn’t always straightforward. Get it wrong and the risks run both ways: too little attenuation leaves workers exposed to harmful noise, while protection that’s too isolating can make it harder to hear alarms, instructions and colleagues.

This guide covers what hearing protection is, when to use it, the main types available and how to choose between them, including where it fits alongside controls that reduce noise at source.

Used well, the right hearing protection helps people work safely and confidently in noisy environments, reducing exposure to harmful sound without cutting them off from what they need to hear. It also plays a role in preventing longer-term issues like hearing loss, tinnitus and fatigue.

What is hearing protection?

Hearing protection is personal protective equipment worn in or over the ears to reduce the sound reaching the wearer. It includes disposable and reusable earplugs, banded plugs, earmuffs or ear defenders and electronic headsets.

Under the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005, employers in Great Britain must assess risk and provide information and training from the lower exposure action value of 80 dB(A). At 85 dB(A), the upper action value, employers must provide hearing protection and hearing protection zones. The exposure limit is 87 dB(A), after taking the protection provided by PPE into account.

Hearing protection does not replace quieter machinery, acoustic barriers or safer working methods. It covers the risk that remains after other controls.

When should you use hearing protection?

Workers should use hearing protection in the areas and during the tasks identified by the noise assessment. This may include short, very loud activities or exposure spread across a shift. Protection must be fitted before the noise begins and worn throughout. Removing it for a brief conversation can reduce the protection achieved over the day.

HSE guidance says protection should bring the level at the ear below 85 dB(A). Reducing it below about 70 dB(A) can make speech and warning signals harder to hear. The aim is suitable attenuation, not simply the highest rating.

What types of hearing protection are there?

The main types of hearing protection suit different patterns of work:

Disposable foam earplugs are compact and economical, but their performance depends heavily on correct insertion.
Reusable or pre-moulded earplugs suit regular wear and come in different sizes or fitted forms.
Banded earplugs are quick to put on and remove, which can help with intermittent exposure.
Earmuffs or ear defenders cover the ear and are easier to check visually. Helmet-mounted versions must be tested as compatible with the helmet.
Communication headsets combine hearing protection with radio, wired or Bluetooth communication. Some also provide level-dependent listening or active noise reduction.

Dual protection, such as plugs worn beneath earmuffs, may be specified for very high noise levels. It should be selected from measured exposure data rather than by adding two published attenuation ratings together.

What is active hearing protection?

Passive protectors rely on their materials and seal to block sound. Active hearing protection uses electronics to manage what the wearer hears. Active noise reduction can counter steady, low-frequency background noise, while level-dependent systems allow quieter ambient sound through and suppress it when levels rise. The terms describe different functions, so the product specification should be checked carefully.

Electronics do not remove the need for an SNR or HML rating, a good fit and regular checks.

How does hearing protection work with two-way radio communication?

Traditional ear defenders may make radio messages difficult to hear. Communication headsets place received audio inside the protector and often use a noise-cancelling boom microphone to transmit clearer speech.

The headset, cable, push-to-talk control and radio need to work together. Also consider Bluetooth, hands-free operation, hygiene, battery life and ATEX certification where required. A site trial can check speech, alarm audibility and comfort during tasks.

What are the benefits of hearing protection?

Hearing protection helps reduce exposure to excessive noise and the risk of associated harm. The most effective protection is properly selected, correctly fitted and comfortable enough to be worn consistently throughout the working period. Depending on the equipment used, it can also support communication and awareness while reducing excessive background noise.

The benefits of hearing protection can include:

Reduced risk of noise-induced hearing loss: Properly selected and correctly worn protection limits exposure to damaging sound levels.
Lower risk of tinnitus: Reducing exposure to loud noise may help reduce the likelihood of persistent ringing or buzzing in the ears.
Improved communication: Communication headsets can help workers hear radio messages without removing their protection.
Better awareness of the working environment: Level-dependent systems can allow quieter sounds, speech or warning signals through while reducing sudden or excessive noise.
Greater consistency of use: Lightweight, comfortable and task-appropriate equipment is more likely to be worn correctly throughout the working period.
Support for workplace compliance: Providing suitable hearing protection, training workers to use it and monitoring its condition helps employers meet their responsibilities under workplace noise regulations.

Hearing protection is most effective when it forms part of a wider noise-control programme. Employers should still look for ways to reduce noise at source, limit the time workers spend in noisy areas, maintain equipment and provide health surveillance where required. PPE provides the final layer of protection and should not be treated as the only control measure.

How do you choose the right hearing protection?

Start with measured noise levels and exposure duration, then compare them with the manufacturer’s attenuation data. HSE provides calculators for estimating hearing protector performance. Other practical checks include:

Fit: Offer suitable sizes and styles. Facial features, hair, spectacles or jewellery can affect an earmuff seal, while ear canals vary.
The task: Consider movement, heat, confined spaces, intermittent noise and the need to communicate.
Other PPE: Check tested compatibility with helmets, eye protection, respirators and protective clothing. Physical connection alone does not prove that a helmet-mounted earmuff will deliver its stated performance.
The wearer: Involve staff in trials and provide fitting instruction. Comfort and ease of use affect consistent wear.
Care: Inspect cushions, seals, headbands, plugs, cables and microphones. Replace worn or damaged parts in line with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Different industries will place different weight on these points. Construction and manufacturing teams may need helmet compatibility and high durability. Airport ground crews may prioritise clear radio speech around engines. Utilities, oil and gas sites may also require certified equipment for hazardous areas. Defence and emergency teams may need level-dependent listening so that quieter surrounding sound remains audible. Rail, logistics and warehousing teams may prioritise hands-free communication, long battery life and equipment that can be cleaned safely between users each shift.

Protect hearing without losing contact

Radiocoms supplies Peltor hearing protection for workplaces where clear communication matters alongside noise control. Explore our hearing protection range or speak to our team about a system matched to your radios, working conditions and wider PPE.

Hearing protection frequently asked questions

Is a higher SNR always better?

No. The rating must suit the measured exposure. Too little attenuation leaves the wearer at risk, while too much can mask speech and alarms.

Can earmuffs be worn over a cap or hood?

Material beneath the cushions can break the seal and reduce performance. Follow the manufacturer’s fitting instructions and choose compatible clothing and PPE.

How often should hearing protection be replaced?

There is no single interval for every product. Inspect it regularly and replace disposable, damaged, hardened or poorly fitting parts as directed by the manufacturer.